CHELSEA CHAPMAN, then a student at University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, received a grant in May 2010 to aid research on 'Conceptions of Energy and Economies of Knowledge in Central Alaska's Yukon Flats,' supervised by Dr. Larry Nesper. This project investigated concepts of energy in central Alaska, asking how regional developments of hydrocarbon and renewable resources are experienced, evaluated, and disputed.

Preliminary abstract: In Botswana's capital city, it seems everyone is 'in business,' and the acronym for small, medium, and microenterprises--SMMEs--has become an everyday word. Men, women, youth, elders, wealthy professionals, and the poor and unemployed alike describe their entrepreneurial activities with enthusiasm. Yet preliminary research (2009, 2010) suggests that far from uniting people, common claims of entrepreneurship are based on tremendously diverse practices that are fiercely contested.

DR. PARTH R. CHAUHAN, Stone Age Institute, Gosport, Indiana, received a grant in October 2006 to aid research on 'Palaeoanthropological Surveys and GIS Mapping in the Narmada Basin, Central India.' Due to future extensive submergence from large-dams in the Narmada Basin, the project's goal was to carry out a systematic survey for palaeoanthropological occurrences in stratified contexts and also create multi-layer GIS maps of known and new find-spots, sites, and localities, and associated stratigraphic sections in relation to geological formations of the valley.

Preliminary abstract: On 27th February 2002, 58 Hindus were burned alive when a train carrying them back from Ayodhya to Ahmedabad was set on fire, allegedly by Muslims. In the following weeks and months, more than 2000 Muslims were killed in Gujarat. This project will use detailed ethnographic methods to analyse the legacy of collective violence as it is presently imagined, embodied and understood by survivors and local NGO workers in interventions for relief, rehabilitation and reconciliation.

RUCHI CHATURVEDI, while a student at Columbia University, New York, New York, received funding in May 2002 to aid research on 'Criminal Enmities: State, Party Workers and the Law in South India,' supervised by Dr. E. Valentine Daniel. Research centered around political party workers of the Marxist left and the Hindu right in Northern Kerala who have used relentless violence against each other for over three decades. Field research for the dissertation project proceeded from the following questions: What are the details of the party workers' social histories and biographies?

PEDRO D. CESARINO, then a student at University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was awarded funding in November 2005 to aid research on 'Translation and Study of Marubo Oral Tradition,' supervised by Dr. Eduardo B. Viveiros de Castro. This project was conducted in the Indigenous Reservation Vale do Javari (Amazonas State, Brazil) to analyze verbal arts related to shamanism, cosmology, and death conceptions of the Marubo, speakers of a Panoan language from the upper Ituí River.

CHRISTA DAWN CESARIO, then a student at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was awarded funding in April 2008 to aid research on 'The Politics of Socially Engaged Archaeology,' supervised by Dr. Deborah Thomas.

Preliminary abstract: Using 3D technologies, studies tracked wear on the occlusal surfaces of molars in primates and found that the chewing surfaces, and, thereby, their functional capabilities, were maintained over time. These results suggest that selection has acted on how teeth wear. Comparable studies on the deciduous dentition do not exist, and studies on any aspect of deciduous dental wear in primates are extremely limited.

JASON CATO, then a student at the University of Texas, Austin, Texas, received a grant in October 2008, to aid research on ' Rethinking Militarization: An Ethnography of Social Governance on the US-Mexico Boundary,' supervised by Dr. Shannon E. Speed. Through a critical assessment of the changing forms of border and immigration enforcement in relation to local publics, the comparative ethnographic research examined how different communities experienced, contested, and negotiated state practices of surveillance, detention, and deportation.

Preliminary abstract: Exposure to parasites is hypothesized to decrease the risk of autoimmune disorders by regulating immune activity. Termed the Hygiene Hypothesis, this suggests that exposure to certain microbes helps organize immune function and prevents immune response to harmless stimuli. The Disappearing Microbiota Hypothesis takes this a step further, suggesting that recent changes in human ecology are altering the composition of our intestinal bacteria, thereby reducing vital immune programming. Existing research suffers from two weaknesses.